https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34696 Wed 17 Nov 2021 16:30:20 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:22816 Wed 11 Apr 2018 17:09:56 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41918 Tue 16 Aug 2022 14:24:31 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34059 2.5) and smoking and their combined (interactive) effects on depression. Method: Multilevel logistic regression analysis of baseline data of a prospective cohort study (n=41 785). The 3-year average concentrations of PM_2.5 were estimated using US National Aeronautics and Space Administration satellite data, and depression was diagnosed using a standardised questionnaire. Three-level logistic regression models were applied to examine the associations with depression. Results: The odds ratio (OR) for depression was 1.09 (95% Cl 1.01-1.17) per 10μg/m³ increase in ambient PM_2.5, and the association remained after adjusting for potential confounding factors (adjusted OR=1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.19). Tobacco smoking (smoking status, frequency, duration and amount) was also significantly associated with depression. There appeared to be a synergistic interaction between ambient PM 2.5 and smoking on depression in the additive model, but the interaction was not statistically significant in the multiplicative model. Conclusions: Our study suggests that exposure to ambient PM_2.5 may increase the risk of depression, and smoking may enhance this effect.]]> Thu 09 Dec 2021 11:03:15 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:22535 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:15:42 AEDT ]]>